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Objective@#To evaluate the immunity and influencing factors of diphtheria among preschool children in Shenzhen,to provide reference for effective monitoring of diphtheria IgG antibody level in preschool children.@*Methods@#Serum samples were collected from 296 preschool children aged 4-6 who were recruited in Shenzhen. The diphtheria antibody titer in serum was determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, and the effect of different immumuzation schedule including types of vaccine and vaccination timing, on the geometric mean concentration (GMC) of diphtheria IgG antibody and antibody positive rate were analyzed.@*Results@#The GMC of diphtheria IgG antibody was 0.71 IU/mL, and the positive conversion rate was 33.1%. There were significant differences in antibody GMC and antibody positive conversion rate of diphtheria in different age groups( F/χ 2=11.77, 27.45, P < 0.01 ). The GMC and antibody positive conversion rate showed significant differences by diphtheria antibodies, vaccine types and end dose vaccination intervals( F=49.53, 12.95，11.61, P <0.01). There were statistically significant differences in the positive conversion rate of diphtheria antibodies in children with different types of diphtheria antibodies, vaccine types of diphtheria antibodies, and diphtheria antibodies at the time interval of final vaccination (Fisher exact probability method, P <0.01).@*Conclusion@#The overall positive conversion rate of diphtheria antibody in preschool children in Shenzhen is high. Timely completion of full diphtheria vaccination can improve the antibody level and plays a better role in protecting preschool children.
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Objective@#To investigate the outbreak of mumps in a remote village school of Zhaoqing City, to evaluate and vaccine effectiveness ( VE ) of mumps containing vaccine (MuCV), so as to provide reference for the formulation of epidemic prevention and control strategies.@*Methods@#Through on site case investigations and interviews, case data and epidemic related epidemiological information were obtained. Descriptive and retrospective cohort studies were used to analyze the epidemic characteristics, explore risk factors, and evaluate the protective effect of vaccines.@*Results@#Totally 166 cases of mumps were found, and all of them were students. The total attack rate was 7.79% and the outbreak lasted for 60 days. The first case occurred on October 11th and the last case occurred on December 9th in 2018. Most of the cases aged from 10 to 13 years old, accounting for 66.27%. There were 96 male patients and 70 female patients, with no statistically significant sex difference in the incidence rate ( χ 2=2.40, P >0.05). Involving 28 classes, 11 of which had an incidence rate more than 10%, mainly distributed in grades 2, 4 and 6. There were statistically significant differences in incidence rates among different grades ( χ 2=96.89, P <0.01) and different floors ( χ 2=67.35, P < 0.01 ), with the third floor higher than the other floors. Twelve out of 58 boarding pupils were cases, and boarding pupils were 1.89 times higher in risk of contracting mumps than day students ( RR=1.89, 95%CI =1.10-3.23). Pupils without being given the shot of MuCV were higher in the infection rate than those having the shot ( χ 2=5.70, P <0.05), and the VE % was 35% (95% CI = 7%- 55%). The VE % of one dose was 34% (4%-54%), while the effectiveness of protection was declined with time ( χ 2 trend =6.53, P < 0.05). The effectiveness of vaccine almost diasappeared six years after the shot ( χ 2=1.12, P >0.05).@*Conclusion@#Delayed case report and isolation, low rate of receiving MuCV, and decreasing effectiveness of one shot MuCV are closely assocaited with the outbreak and ongoing spread of the epidemic.
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Calcium oxalate (CaOx) stone is the main type, and its formation is closely related to the metabolism of oxalic acid and calcium. Gut Microbiome is normal microflora which settled in the human intestinal tract and plays an important role in regulating a variety of metabolism in the body. In the past, Oxalobacter formigenes in gut was a protective factor for the formation of CaOx stones. Recently, it has been found that the bacteria regulating oxalate metabolism were not limited to Oxalobacter formigenes. Gut Microbiome of CaOx stones formers is different from healthy people. It regulates the metabolism of oxalic acid in the body through the gut-kidney axis and affect the formation of CaOx stone. The purpose of this study is to describe the characteristics of intestinal flora in patients with CaOx stones, and to summarize its potential function in the formation of CaOx stones and its possible clinical application in the future.
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Objective: To observe the efficacy and safety of Pipeline embolization device (PED) in treatment of intracranial complex aneurysms. Methods: Clinical data of 11 patients with intracranial complex aneurysms treated with PED were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Twelve PED were implanted in 11 patients with 12 aneurysms. Ten patients were implanted 1 PED and 1 patient with 2 PED, 3 aneurysms were implanted PED alone, 9 aneurysms underwent PED combined with coil embolization. Cerebral angiography immediately after operation showed that contrast agent was detained in aneurysm and PED adhered well to the wall, completely covered the neck of aneurysms and the artery with aneurysm was unobstructed. One patient had a local acute cerebral infarction after operation and recovered after treatment. Postoperative follow-up time was 6-9 months, the median follow-up time was 7.5 months. The symptoms significantly relieved or disappeared, no obvious complication occurred, and the occlusion rate of aneurysm was 75.00% (9/12). According to O'kelly-Marotta (OKM) grating, there was no aneurysm in grade A, 1 of grade B, 2 of grade C and 9 of grade D. The modified Rankin scale (mRS) were 0 score in 10 patients and 1 score in 1 patient. Conclusion: Treatment of intracranial complex aneurysms with PED has good effect and safety.
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"The opening-closing-pivoting theory" recorded in () visualizes the activity of six meridians and indicates the relationship among the six meridians in physiology and pathology. Through the analysis on the classic medical works and modern literature of TCM by the modern medical masters, a specific relationship is discovered among the hand and foot meridians of the same name and among the organs. The is corresponded and interacted among the hand and foot meridians of the same name. Except the exterior and interior relationship among the organs, the related communication is also existing. Both meridians and organs are closely related to "the opening-closing- pivoting" theory. This discovery is the inheritance and development of "the opening-closing-pivoting theory" and plays the important role in the guidance of the acupoint selection of clinical acupuncture analgesia.
Subject(s)
Humans , Acupuncture Analgesia , Acupuncture Points , MeridiansABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the impact of cryopreservation duration of umbilical cord blood (UCB) on quality of hematopoietic stem cell and outcome of clinical transplantation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>605 units of UCB which had been used in clinical transplantation were previously cryopreserved for 820 (88-2651) days in average. UCB was detected for total nucleated cell count, CD34+ cells count, cell recovery rate, cell viability and CFU-GM after thawing.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>No statistical correlation was found between cryopreservation duration and cell recovery rate, cell viability. CFU-GM decreased along with the extension of cryopreservation duration (P=0.011), ranging between 109.6 and 105.7/1 × 10⁵. There was no significant difference on hematopoietic reconstitution time, graft failure, acute GVHD and overall survival among groups with different cryopreservation duration.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Cryopreservation duration has no significant effect on cell recovery rate, cell viability and clinical transplantation outcome. Extension of cryopreservation duration may reduce CFU-GM of stem cells with fluctaion still in normal range. UCB could maintain cell viability and function to achieve satisfactory clinical transplantation outcome even when thawed after 3 to 7 years' cryopreservation.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Cell Count , Cell Survival , Cryopreservation , Fetal Blood , Graft vs Host Disease , Granulocyte-Macrophage Progenitor Cells , Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation , Hematopoietic Stem Cells , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate relevant prognostic factors of unrelated single unit umbilical cord blood hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (sUCBT), and to explore the correlation between cryopreservation time of cord blood and cell viability and outcome of sUCBT.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Retrospective analysis of 137 patients undergoing sUCBT with cord blood provided by Shanghai Cord Blood Bank from Mar. 15, 2007 to Dec. 26, 2013 were performed in this study. The mean cryopreservation time of 137 units cord blood was 698(96-1968) days, with mean cell viability of 87.4% after thawing.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>No statistical difference on cell viability, hematopoietic reconstitution, graft failure, acute graft versus host disease (GVHD) and overall survival (OS) was found between patients transfused with cord blood preserved below and above 2 years. The 5-year OS of patients transfused with cord blood preserved below and above 2 years were 55.6% and 67.9%, respectively (P=0.124). OS of the UCBT at 2011 and before, and after 2011 was 48.7% and 79.6%, respectively (P=0.001). Age above 16-year-old (RR=2.830, P=0.027) and UCBT at 2011 and before (RR=0.203, P<0.001) were two risk factors of treatment related mortality.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Outcome of sUCBT in China had significant improvement in recent 2 years. Cryopreservation time of cord blood had no statistical correlation to cell viability after thawing and clinical outcome.</p>